State Plates
The Minnesota Business Plate
In Minnesota, business plates turn on ownership — the firms a population builds. This plate places Black Minnesota in the national business geography: the benchmarks below are the published national figures for Black-owned businesses, and Minnesota's distribution figures — 495,000 Black residents, 7 percent of the state — give the scale of the community from which the state's Black-owned firms are drawn.
The National Pattern
In Minnesota, that national business pattern meets the state's own firms and employers, and the table below fixes the population it describes. The Census Bureau's Annual Business Survey counts about 161,000 Black-owned employer firms — companies with at least one paid employee — generating roughly 183 billion dollars in annual receipts and employing about 1.3 million people. In Minnesota, held against the national counts, the state's own rows say how its business population stands.
The firm counts read locally in Minnesota: the state rows below give the population whose enterprise this national pattern frames. Federal statistics classify a firm as Black-owned when Black owners hold 51 percent or more of the stock or equity. That is what a benchmark is for in an atlas: not to rank Minnesota, but to locate it.
For Minnesota, the national business figures are context; the state's own distribution, tabled below, is the plate's subject. Black Americans are 13.5 percent of the national population but own about 3 percent of employer firms, and those firms take in roughly 1 percent of the receipts of all employer businesses. In Minnesota, the comparison the plate invites is therefore two-sided: the national firm counts on one side, the state's enterprise on the other.
Reading This Plate
How to read this plate: the state rows are the published census figures for Minnesota; the benchmark rows are the published national business record, labeled as benchmarks. Ownership rates measured nationally become concrete only at the scale of an actual population — and Minnesota's counted Black population is the ground from which its firms, employers and sole proprietors alike, are built.
The Population Behind the Plate
For Minnesota, the national business figures are context; the state's own distribution, tabled below, is the plate's subject. Minnesota holds about 495,000 Black residents — Black alone or in combination — roughly one in twelve of its people, with Black alone at about 399,000, or 7 percent. Minnesota's Black population is a study in juxtaposition: an old, small native-born community centered in the Twin Cities; the largest Somali community in the United States, built by refugee resettlement since the 1990s; and outcome indicators that rank, in study after study, among the widest Black-white gaps in the nation despite the state's overall prosperity rankings. Minnesota's own rows, tabled below, are where this general material becomes a specific place.
The firm counts read locally in Minnesota: the state rows below give the population whose enterprise this national pattern frames. A state that ranks at or near the top in overall income, education, and health records Black outcomes that rank near the bottom in several national comparisons: Black homeownership in the Twin Cities in the mid-twenties percent range — among the lowest of any metro in this reference — against a state White rate in the high seventies; Black median household income at roughly half the state's overall figure; educational proficiency gaps in the state assessment data among the nation's widest. A benchmark in an atlas does not rank Minnesota; it locates it, and that is its whole use here.
Household income, stated as a median — the middle household of Minnesota, half above, half below — is economic geography's most compared figure. The table's benchmark row for Minnesota states its basis in its label — the comparison rests on the same measure on the same basis. Against them, Minnesota's 495,000 Black residents are the market, the workforce, and the founder pool of the state's Black business community — the three roles every business plate in this atlas keeps in view at once.
A note on this plate's figures, stated once and plainly: Black share of the state population (alone): 7%; Black share, alone or in combination: 8.7%; Black residents, alone or in combination: 495,000. In Minnesota, each figure is published by the source named below and rounded as published; the plate's map shades the Black share of the population on the same basis, so the table and the map can be read against each other without conversion.
A closing word on the use of this plate: the figures for Minnesota are a reference, meant to be cited, compared, and returned to. In Minnesota, a reader who needs the underlying counts will find them in the published tables of the source named below, from which every figure here descends without alteration beyond the rounding the source itself applies.
| Measure | Figure |
|---|---|
| Black share of the state population (alone) | 7% |
| Black share, alone or in combination | 8.7% |
| Black residents, alone or in combination | 495,000 |
| United States benchmark — Black-owned firms with paid employees | 161,000 |
| United States benchmark — annual receipts of Black-owned employer firms | $183 Billion |
| United States benchmark — people employed by Black-owned employer firms | 1.3 Million |
| United States benchmark — Black-owned nonemployer (solo) firms | 3 Million |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Business Survey; Nonemployer Statistics by Demographics. Method: Figures are drawn from the published federal sources named on this page, for the geography named; tile shading bands the published Black population share into the five legend classes. Counts are rounded as published by the source agency, and national benchmark rows are labeled with the basis they are published on.